Company Analysis and Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Company Analysis and Evaluation - Case Study Example The Collins Foods Group is a private company based in Australia with a joint ownership by private investors and management together with employees forming 52% and 48% of ownership respectively. The company's main business includes retail outlets for food service i.e. KFC in Queensland and sizzler in Australia. Collins Food group in Queensland operates from Brisbane where it operates one hundred and fourteen retail outlets and twenty six Sizzler restaurants in within Australia. The earliest KFC restaurant in Australia was established in 1968 and opened in 1969, while the earliest Sizzler was established in 1984 and opened in 1985. KFC has been growing since its establishment and this can be seen in terms of the increased number of retail outlets, more employee, increased profits etc. The company seeks to attain a continuous development in each and every area of its operation as its mission statement describes it "Establish Collins Foods Group as leading restaurant holding company, whi ch operates premier brands where people love to eat and are proud to work." KFC also seeks to better the community in which it operates through its commitment to participate in activities that enhance the community. KFC has a principle that "if you take care of your people they will take care of your customers. If you take care of your customers they will take care of your business" Figure 1: Collins Food Group Pty Limited SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Strong capital base Internal controls for some of our outlets are wanting The state is focusing on subsidizing hotel industry to boost tourism The world economic crisis that has catalyzed inflation and have seen financial industries raised lending rates Strong brand The company is understaffed Internet marketing will help us to reach out the whole global market and hence expanded market Technological advancement may introduce new challenges that may affect the normal business processes. Competent top management and subordinate personnel The regular personnel review might not be very reliable There are many upcoming training and management consultant firms from which the company can outsource this services Big competitors may shift focus and wipe out part of our market position Wide distribution channels A significant percentage of employee turnover Hotel industry expanding providing opportunities to penetrate new markets The upcoming retail food service providers are poaching experienced employees from our company Efficient quality control procedures In case the financial crisis continues to bite people will continue to cut down on their spending habits Efficient staff appraisal system Track record in excellent customer care devoid of top management approval Competitors in the industry might be reluctant to implement new technology Figure 2: Balanced scorecard: Critical Success Factors (CSFs) Analysis Critical success Factor Categories Critical success factors (CSTs) Measurement of the CSFs Understanding of market Sensitivity to volatile market needs Number of active customers Understanding our competitors and their decision making Attainment of a competitive edge above our competitors Innovative response to the needs of the customers Number of new customers Consumer

Links Between Strategic Management and Leadership

Links Between Strategic Management and Leadership 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Strategic Management Strategic management is Systematic analysis of the factors associated with customers and competitors (the external environment) and the organization itself (the internal environment) to provide the basis for rethinking the current management practices. Its objectives are to achieve better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities. (www.businessdictionary.com,n.d). Strategic management is all about analysing of the position of the business now and where it wants to be in long term and what are the means and plans to get there. It is all about defining the business, objectives, goals of the organization. 1.1.2 STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP Strategic leadership is refers to a managers potential to express a strategic vision for the organization, or a part of the organization, and to motivate and persuade others to acquire that vision. (www.managementstudyguide.com,n.d). Its a leaders point of view, for making a strategy so that all the aims and objectives of the organization can be meet and it helps in achieving success for the organization. 1.1.3 Link between Strategic Management and Leadership Leadership and management are both skills that an organization should possess, courtesy of a chosen leader, with the support of its personnel. A good leadership can be attained through a practice while an effective management is learned through course. A leader is the spearhead of the group going to a direction. And once they have found the direction, manager will take over to have consistency and make the group proposer after being established. Managers decisions are based on the book or ethics that every member constructed but leaders decide based on their institutions. 1.2 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN WIPRO WIPRO stands for Western India Pine Refined Oil. It was started as a vegetable oil trading company in 1945 from an old mill at Amalner, Maharashtra, India. This was founded by Azim Premjis father, M.H Preji. Azim, a graduate person in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, when he finished his studies and then came back to India, unfortunately his father died and after that he took on the leadership of the company at the age 21. He restructured it and transformed WIPRO into a consumer goods company that produced hydrogenated cooking oils/fat company, laundry soap, wax and tin containers and later set up Wipro Fluid Power to manufacture hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders in 1975. In 1977, when IBM (International Business Machines) was asked to leave India, Wipro entered the information technology sector. In 1979, Wipro started to develop its own computers, and in 1981 they started to sell their finished products. This was the first in a string of products that have made Wipro one of Indias first computer makers. Wipro Technologies hired managers who held their employees to strict performance standards. In 1980 Wipro moved into software development and started developing customized software packages for their hardware customers. This expanded their IT business and subsequently developed the first Indian 8086 chip. Since 1992 Wipro has begun to grow its root offshore in United States and by 2000 Wipro Ltd ADRs (An American Depository Receipt) were listed on the New York Stock Exchange site. The companys revenue grew by 450% from 2002 to 2007. Then Wipro started a highly appreciated initiative called WASE Wipro Academy of Software Excellence in 1996. Under this program, some of the brightest science graduates are selected and enrolled in an MS (Software Engineering) program in collaboration with BITS, Pilani. MAJOR DIVISIONS IT Services: Wipro provides complete range of IT services to the organization. The range of services extends from Enterprise Application Services to e-Business solutions. Wipros enterprise solutions serve a host of industries such as Energy and Utilities, Finance, Telecom, and Media and Entertainment. Product Engineering Solutions: Wipro is the largest independent provider of RD services in the world. Using Extended Engineering model for leveraging RD investment and accessing new knowledge and experience across the globe, people and technical infrastructure, Wipro enables firms to introduce new products rapidly. Technology Infrastructure called as TIS. In the Indian Market, WIPRO is a leader in providing IT solutions and services for the cooperate segment in India, offering system integration, network integration, software solutions and IT services. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premji) 1.2.1 Leadership in Wipro From the last few years wipro has exhibit the leadership qualities to the employees as well as to the company. Some of the practical examples are as below: wipro is service oriented and at the same time employee centric. i.e., wipro believes in giving excellent service to its clients and at the same takes a very good care of their employees. 1.3 Conclusion: Nowadays with the advent of globalisation, competition is increasing and the companies are struggling to get better market position. All the companies are implementing strategies so as to maintain the market position. WIPRO has been so much successful because they are applying management strategies in their day to day life and the company employees are following the strategies in a great way. The employees there really cooperate and that is another reason behind the success of the company. Management of strategy is very much important unless the company fails during the implementation and the managers should be efficient. Development of strategy and implementation is not an easy task. Rather its very much complicated. WIPRO became successful because of the efforts of its managers and employees in the execution of strategy. Company acquired good results on the application of the strategy and other companies are following the strategy applied by the successful companies. This report ca n help other companies as they get to know the reason behind the success of WIPRO. As competition is increasing day by day the companies should work really hard in attaining their goals and they should work really hard. Management and leadership in WIPRO is excellent and the leaders are cooperating with the employees in making decisions. The employees are given an opportunity to take decisions by the managers and this gives the employees a good feeling about the company. Thus it can be concluded that the only reason behind the success of the company is its leadership skills and the proper implementation of the strategy. 1.4 Bibligropahy: The Strategic Development of High Potential Leaders, Strategy and Leadership, in press, S. Stumpf, R. Fulmer and J. Bleak. Leadership and beyond: The need forÂÂ  strategic managementÂÂ  skills. Advances in Strategic Management, 1988, Vol. 5., S. Stumpf. Strategic Management definition Readmore:ÂÂ  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-management.html#ixzz16CKYbPyy Strategic leadership definition http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership.htm Wipro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premji) date 20th November 2010 Sooper Articles Find Articles http://www.sooperarticles.com/Â  http://www.parkli.com/Consulting/AppliedStrategicLeadership.asp

Tectonic Activity :: Papers

Tectonic Activity The continents of the world are all separated by different tectonic plates which when collide is called Tectonic Activity. There are different forms of tectonic activity and different processes and landforms, which are involved during and as a result of the collisions. As and when these collisions are going to take place we can't determine because current technology hasn't allowed us to dig as far into the earth to the point of pressures which causes the plates to collide. These pressures are believed to be eruptions of liquid magma deep inside the earth. The plate tectonic theory was first proposed in 1915 by a man named Alfred Wegener, who was one of the first to identify that the continents of earth look like they fit together in a jig saw puzzle, but what separates him is the fact he suggested that the earth had separated over a period of time, introducing the future theory of plates. As Wegener had no explanation of why the earth's crust had separated many geologists turned against his ideas, these people were called anti-mobilists. The only evidence that was proved to help Wegener's theory was that palaeontologists had found fossils of similar species on different continents, which suggests that the same species were once on the same area of land with the only explanation being that they had been separated by the motion of land. As years passed more and more evidence was uncovered to support the idea of plates move constantly over time. After the Second World War seismometers were installed into the earth and showed that

Between the Wars

The event that had significant impacts during the interlude between the First and Second World Wars would be the Great Depression. The effect of this financial crisis, not only in the United States but also in other parts of the world, was apparent both in the domestic front and in the international community. The Great Depression started during the late 1920s and would stretch until the next decade. This historical turning-point was triggered by Black Tuesday, which was the day when the stock markets had a major downturn.(Rothbard, 2000) The impact of this event, both positive and negative, was massive indeed as the country was forced into a state of great recession and then reassessment of economic and social policies. (Mcelvain, 1993) In the ground level, the people experienced difficulties, as employment becomes scarce, thereby leading to poverty and hunger, which was prevalent during that decade. The citizens in the grassroots were the ones that was most affected, for the depres sion was deeply felt by everyone.The length, lasting 10 years, was overwhelming indeed; the extent of the crisis was equally devastating. The agriculture and primary sectors industries experienced economic slumps even bankruptcies, which in turn burdened the people whose wages declined and employment opportunities disappeared. The end of this Great Depression coincided with the start of the Second World War. The implication of the financial crisis was not only social but also political, as policies were forced to be reassessed and eventually changed.The New Deal policy was a result of the crisis. Also, government officials debated the liberal policies in economics, as many abandoned liberal economics, and advocated more protectionist policies. The impact of the Great Depression is far-reaching and vast, as it is political, social and economic. References Mcelvaine, Robert. (1993). The Great Depression: America 1929-1941. United States: Three Rivers Press. Rothbard, Murray. (2000). A merica’s Great Depression. United States: Ludwig Von Mises Institute.

Methods of Government, explained by Mr. Lao Tzu

Mr. Lao Tzu,  I am glad to write this letter to you and I wish you to stay in good health. Being myself interested in the art of state governance I could not fail to be moved by your outstanding writings. Philosophers with such profound views as you have are rare, so, desiring to further dispute certain ideas about government and administration I have found nothing better than to write this letter to you and thusly invite you to discussion. Please accept this letter calmly as it is due to a philosopher, for I have not wished to contest your wisdom, but only to share some views which I have obtained via long years of struggles and dangers. My most sincere desire is to have an advice with you because truth is sprout in discussion. Thereto let me pass to my argument.In your famous Tao Te Ching you write:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you want to be a great leader, you must learn to follow the Tao. Stop trying to control. Let go of fixed plans and concepts, and the world will govern itself[1].†Ã‚  I admire this argument but I put it in a little other way for I think that it is better to be adventurous than cautious, because fortune is a woman, and she needs to be beaten and dominated[2]. That what you call â€Å"Tao† I use to call Fortune. Fortune is something what we can not control, but we can benefit from it. Every ruler has a Fortune, but not all of them are fortunate, because some of them are able to benefit from fortune and others are not. And to benefit from Fortune one has to feel it and take effort to obtain every possible necessary result from lucky events. That’s why I say that Fortune loves young. The young can better feel it and they are faster in using it. Using your terms I can say, that Tao flows by itself outside of our will. The one who feels the flow of Tao and moves with it will win[3]. But in order to win he has to move in the direction he needs only using Tao because in case he moves with Tao he will lose his aim of sight and will be a pr isoner of circumstances.Another piece of your writing which attracted my attention is:â€Å"If a country is governed with tolerance, the people are comfortable and honest. If a country is governed with repression, the people are depressed and crafty. When the will to power is in charge, the higher the ideals, the lower the results. Try to make people happy, and you lay the groundwork for misery. Try to make people moral, and you lay the groundwork for vice.[4]†I agree with you entirely that a ruler is always an example for his subjects, however, I would like to notice, that ruling only by example is a much too vague basis for power. There are always people who do not accept any virtues and who are willing to overthrow even the most perfect ruler, at least to take his place. So I think that except for example a ruler is to inspire love and fear to the people, and at that fear is more important than love, because love is changeful and does not depend on ruler’s will, and fear is an instrument which is always available for a ruler[5].   Moreover, I believe that a ruler is to incur evil and forget about virtues in some cases. I mean those vices without which he might hardly save the state; because, if one considers everything well, one will find that something that appears a virtue, if followed, would be his ruin, and that some other thing that appears a vice, if followed, results in his security and well-being[6].You speak about love and fear not as of methods of ruling, but as of ruler’s qualities when you write that â€Å"When the Master governs, the people are hardly aware that he exists. Next best is a leader who is loved. Next, one who is feared. The worst is one who is despised.†[7]As I have already mentioned, I believe, that fear is a better foundation for power than love, but now I would like to speak exactly of the ruler’s qualities. To my opinion a ruler is not to be good or bad, he is to be reasonable. What works go od once can be not so good next time. Fortune, or Tao as you call it, may change, so the best ruler is the one who skillfully adapts to the situation and never freezes in his qualities. The ruler has to deal with different people who have different desires and so it is hardly possible for him to be same for all. A ruler has not to follow an ideal, but he is to be realistic[8].You call upon princes to let things happen as they happen when you say:â€Å"Center your country in the Tao and evil will have no power. Not that it isn't there, but you'll be able to step out of its way.[9]†Let me used a term which I am used to and call Fortune that what you call Tao. I believe that this argument is weak, because it assumes that the country is ideal. And what about the countries which are not ideal and which are not in conformity with fortune? I would compare her to one of those raging rivers, which when in flood overflows the plains, sweeping away trees and buildings, bearing away the soil from place to place; everything flies before it, all yield to its violence, without being able in any way to withstand it; and yet, though its nature be such, it does not follow therefore that men, when the weather becomes fair, shall not make provision, both with defenses and barriers, in such a manner that, rising again, the waters may pass away by canal, and their force be neither so unrestrained nor so dangerous. So it happens with Fortune, who shows her power where valour has not prepared to resist her, and thither she turns her forces where she knows that barriers and defences have not been raised to constrain her[10]. So a ruler does have to act in order to bring his principality to perfectness and make it protected even from Fortune itself.Let me conclude my modest letter by this. Hope you were not bored while reading it and you will find it possible to answer my most humble writing.Cordially yours humble servant,Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei MachiavelliWorks Cited:1. Lao Tsu, Tao Te Ching, 25th-Anniversary Edition, Vintage, 19972. Machiavelli.   The Prince. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19983. Mary G. Dietz, Trapping The Prince: Machiavelli and the Politics of Deception, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 777-7994. David Hall, Commentary on the Lao Tzu by Wang Pi by Ariane Rump, Wing-tsit Chan, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 97-98[1] Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, 25th-Anniversary Edition, Vintage, 1997. Verse 57 [2] Niccolo Machiavelli.   The Prince. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p.- 83 [3] Lao Tzu dows not speak so directly, but it is usually mentioned by commentators. For example see: David Hall, Commentary on the Lao Tzu by Wang Pi by Ariane Rump, Wing-tsit Chan, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 97-98 [4] Lao Tzu, 58 [5]   See: Niccolo Machiavelli, chap. XVII [6] Lao Tzu, 58 [7] Lao Tzu, 17 [8] For this Machiavelli’s argument see: Mary G. Dietz, Trapping The Prince: Machiavelli and the Politics of Deception, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 777-799 [9] Lao Tzu, 60 [10] Niccolo Machiavelli, p.- 119

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion When coaching my college essay clients on how to write a college essay, I always tell them to talk about their real passion and to tell their real story – not to talk about what they think other people want them to talk about. In that vein, today, I’d like to share three of my favorite things with you. One is a recipe, one is a book, and one is a blender. They are all related. And they have little to do with job search or LinkedIn, but they have everything to do with commitment and passion. You could say this is what I might write about for a supplemental college essay, if I were writing one. One of the things that is most important to me in my life, besides writing and personal growth, is health and wellness. I’ve written articles that include kale references, and I blogged on July 17th about the value of regular exercise for productivity. What I put into my body is extremely important to me, and I’ve recently been excited by a book I stumbled across: Zero Belly Smoothies It was love at first sight, and have spent many a Saturday afternoon trying out the recipes that grace its pages. The book, which is now my smoothie bible, has not left its spot next to my Blendtec blender since I started my craze. Chocolate Decadence You might not know this, but smoothies are one of the best ways to get nutrients into your system – they make a great breakfast and are also the perfect replenishment after a workout. I drink them for both occasions! The best thing is that they can be both healthy and delicious. Did you know that you can put black beans, avocado, and banana in a smoothie and make it taste like a rich dessert, while getting 25g of protein? I didn’t, until a few weeks ago. And my life has been transformed. To share my joy over the above-mentioned potion, I’m giving it to you here. You can find this delectable recipe and more at Zero Belly Smoothie Recipes for Breakfast, Lunch and Dessert. RECIPE: Chocolate Decadence Smoothie 1/2 banana (preferably peeled and frozen) 1/4 ripe avocado, peeled, pitted, and quartered 1/4 cup black beans 1/2 cup unsweetened almond milk 1/4 cup chocolate plant-based protein powder 6 ice cubes Water to blend (optional) 300 calories, 9 g fat, 34 g carb, 11 g fiber, 9 g sugar, 25 g protein I also particularly like Zero Belly’s Velvety Elvis smoothie, which includes banana, spirulina, and almond butter. What a treat – and it looks like the ocean! But I can’t find it on the internet and dare not violate any copyrights. Plus I really think everyone with any interest in smoothie creations must buy the book. Of course, you’ll need a blender to do these recipes justice. Whole food smoothies, sadly, cannot be made by hand. Not a Blender Fan? You might be lamenting, â€Å"My blender smells like rubber anytime I make it work hard.† Or, â€Å"My blender is so hard to clean!† or â€Å"My blender leaves big chunks of food in my drink. ‘Smooth’ is the last word I’d use to describe the sludge my blender produces.† Or you might be saying mournfully, â€Å"I have an awesome blender I paid hundreds of dollars for and it’s sitting there on my kitchen counter, next to my unused juicer. I’ve given up.† If you have a Vitamix or Blendtec blender and it’s wasting away unutilized, it’s time to dust it off and get it cranking! If you have any other type of blender, and you are inspired to get serious about smoothies, it’s worth investing in a good one†¦ either a Vitamix or Blendtec. In my opinion, Blendtecs are the better value. I’ve had mine for years and love it more every day. Another advantage of smoothies is that you can freeze them and have your supply ready for the week; and if you’re on the go, they make a quick 1-minute meal. (I’m not a fan of savory â€Å"lunch† or â€Å"dinner† smoothies, but give those a try if you’re curious.) One of my favorite tricks is how to bring a smoothie onto an airplane (it starts as powder and turns into a nutrition-packed meal)! If you travel for work, bringing â€Å"smoothie packs† along with you is a great way to stay healthy while on the road. Ask me if you want to know more about that. Not Really a College Essay So I didn’t really write a college-essay-worthy essay here, since I would never want any student to give advice in a college application. But have I gotten my excitement across – and provided some insight on how to write a unique college essay? I hope so, and if I’ve transmitted any of that excitement to you, I’d be happy to share more of my favorite recipes privately. They might just change your life too. And if you want more advice on how to write a college essay, check out my article,  How to Write a Great College Application Essay: 2017-18 Common App Prompts, or check out my college admissions services  and work with me one-on-one.

The American Indian Wilderness essays

The American Indian Wilderness essays In the essay, The American Indian Wilderness, Louis Owens presents a personal story to show a dramatic change in his point of view. His story revolves around a mind-altering experience in which he uses himself as the straw figure, allowing us to effectively see how he came to choose his new view and why it is better than the European view he once had. He successfully gains our trust and persuades his audience with three different personas: the unthinking, cocky businessman, the thoughtful and ashamed persona, and, at the end, the lecturing teacher. In the beginning, Owens uses the persona of the unthinking, cocky businessman. He is in the mountains to support and carry out a plan of which [he] heartily approves. (para.2) He is at the extreme end of his way of thinking, believing that the Forest Service is right in their idea about wilderness. At the end of those five days, not a trace of the shelter remained, and I felt good, very smug in fact, about returning the White Pass meadow to its original state. (para.3) He shows us that he has no doubts and completely agrees that in order to restore the wilderness, he must carry out the plan. As he heads back down the trail, he says that his, mind was on the winter [he] was going to spend in sunny Arizona, (para.3) showing that there was no internal struggle over the burning of the shelter and that he truly felt that he had done his job to better the wilderness. This persona is effective because right off the bat, Owens draws us in by showing us that he has a story to tell. He doesnt begin his story with a lecture about what the point of his essay is, as that would cause some of us to reject his theory right away. He successfully draws us into the story and slowly makes his point known while were all listening. By using himself as the straw figure, we are able to see how he arrived at his conclusion and we fi...

Fundamentals of Skillful Story Writing for Our Readers Only!

Fundamentals of Skillful Story Writing for Our Readers Only! How to Write a Good Story Although a common hobby and a way of time spending, writing has not become any easier since the Ancient Greek times. Every person out of two blogs, and every one out of five is ‘working on the book of his life’ that ends up in a fireplace after no publisher accepted it. Truth be told, way too many people think themselves a true Hemingway reborn. If you are made of a different material and actually want to learn to write well, here are a few recommendations we scraped up for aspiring writers. Do not start writing unless you are in a resourceful state. Make yourself write random things, if need be, until you feel that your brain is ready for productive work. Excluding large historical novels, every piece of writing is based on everyday life, and this is where you should scoop up your inspiration. Look around, remember and process if you want your writing to be natural. There are various techniques for working on a literary work. You can just let yourself go and write, then cutting and modifying ruthlessly at the editing stage, or you can work out the plot before you turn on your laptop. The only obligatory thing is to work out your characters before you make them interact with each other. Do not be afraid to write about unattractive things (Like George Martin does, for instance). Dark and sinister events tend to attract readers. Five senses should be appealed to with no exceptions. This is what makes you writing ‘alive’. One of the tricks is using a so-called ‘hypnotic writing’ that will capture your reader until the very end. There are lists of words to use for this purpose, and the word ‘story’ is one of them. More on hypnotic writing is available online. Make the reader empathize. Make him laugh and cry with you, make him feel sorry for your characters and feel satisfied when justice is done. Your writing cannot be plain. It must have emotional bumps and gashes. Last but not least, do not under or overestimate intelligence of your reader. In both cases, it will be annoying. Learn your audience before you start writing. At: ozzz.org  you may find some more new and interesting information on the issu?

Dopamine and its Role in Parkinsons Disease Research Paper

Dopamine and its Role in Parkinsons Disease - Research Paper Example The researchers in this study stated that there appeared to be a link between depression and anxiety in PD.   According to Lemke, these studies proved that dopaminergic treatment for PD was important and that there was a correlation between PD and depression. 1.1 Dopamine Agonists and Depression According to Lemke, dopamine agonists work on the dopaminergic systems of the body (10). Because they work directly on these areas, they may be responsible for mood behavior. One dopamine agonist, pramipexole, was studied by other researchers and found to react as an antidepressant for bipolar disease and treatment-resistant depression (10). Several studies in this study showed that patients who took pramipexole performed better and were less depressed than those who did not take it (11). 1.2 Anhedonia and Depression Anhedonia is another agonist that has had positive effects on depression with PD patients and it has also affected any motor alterations (11). Several studies were quoted in Le mke’s article that used this agonist. All of the other studies found that patients with PD were helped via the use of agonists by controlling depression. Lemke concluded that PD patients with depression â€Å"might† benefit from a global approach to the disease that included dopamine agonists because they seemed to reduce motor complications and symptoms of depression. By using agonists the regimen of drugs could be lessened and would stop any side effects from the antidepressant medications that the patients may be taking.

Strategic Management Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic Management - Outline Example Barriers against International Trade Critics believe that factors that influence international trade undermine globalisation (Haberberg and Rieple, 2007:8). The factors include tariffs, licenses, embargos, and investment and exchange control with a view of protecting trade in the international market. The above factors influence the entry behaviour into the international market. Economic analysts have identified reasons behind the resistance to globalisation. These reasons are environmental influences that emanate due to international trade, employment abuses, and perceived inequality of benefits derived from globalisation. Many countries show concern about the treatment that their citizens get whenever they operate in the international scene. Conflicts that arise due to poor treatment may justify resistance to efforts towards globalisation. Benefits derived from the global market are very crucial to globalisation. The players in the international scene bring low-income countries and the developed countries. The transactions between these two groups usually differ. Economists have demonstrated that the benefits that developed nations acquire in the international market are higher when compared to low income countries. This situation tends to justify rejection of globalisation. The international Environment The trade in the international market usually take place within and between Europe, USA, and Japan. This trade depend on political and legal issues, which influence the relationship between these countries, cultural and social issues; shapes the products consumed by these nations, and the infrastructure within these countries. Infrastructure is very crucial because it dictates the operation of factors, which influence the international scene. For instance, transport network and communication determines the ability to deliver products in the international market. The international politics define the environment within which the international players would pre sent their items. The political system dictates policies, which influence globalisation. The legal system of a country would derive its policies from the nation’s political system. These policies would influence the economic climate because they regulate business operations in the international scene. Critics believe that political intervention may affect taxes levied against products in the international market. The interventional by various political systems are evident through inflation and currency rate control. Social and cultural issues are very instrumental to globalisation. The beliefs and values in the international environment would influence practices such as consumer behaviour, expectation of the employees. The understanding of dynamism in the international culture would influence the approach applied by firms in the international market. Critics believe that cultural attributes observed in the international market depend on infrastructural development in a countr y (Haberberg and Rieple, 2007:12). For instance, employee’s skill would depend on education system of that country. On the other hand, telephone, electricity or transport system would dictate the behaviour adopted by various firms. Organisation Location in the International Environment The decision to introduce a product in the internatio

Advanced Quantitative Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Quantitative Research Methods - Essay Example For example, ANOVA method is applied, in general, statistical difference rather than distinct difference of the research mean (Hox 2010, 35). It is worth noting that, at zero variance, all the values measured are regarded to identical even through variance always maintains a non-negative value. Therefore, as the ANOVA method is used to analyze the difference between several or a single variable, a small variance obtained in the statistical significance difference illustrates that the values or data points obtained are very close to the expected mean. Similarly, High statistical significance difference data points justify that the data values obtained in the research spread out from each other or spread around the mean (Woodward 2014, 210). On a broad aspect, the variance is usually divided into various components by utilizing ANOVA method that is then attributed to various types of variations in different sources of the variations obtained. In simple words, ANOVA method has its origin in experimental studies. However, ANOVA method uses four basic assumption that errors obtained in the statistical data analysis are normally distributed and independent (Salkind, Neil 2010, 34). In addition, it is always assumed that, all variance errors are equal, and the expected statistical values of the errors obtained are equal to zero. In simple terms, the ANOVA method produces a statistical test that determines as to whether the mean obtained from several tested groups are equal or whether they are not equal thereby providing a generalized t-test for more than two evaluated groups. In this regard, ANOVA method is used in providing a comparative test for more variables for the purpose of estimating a reliable statistical significan ce (Myers, Jerome 2010, 271). ANOVA method is a very powerful parametric and inferential statistic technique that can find differences or reject a null hypothesis among

World Literature (See attched Word Document for insutruction) Essay

World Literature (See attched Word Document for insutruction) - Essay Example Human justice is defined as one that takes vengeance on those that have done wrong against other. This moves into human injustice, which states that the murder is not committed against an external enemy, but is instead committed against the self. The divine justice is briefly referred to and is used to please the gods instead of to bring justice to society. In comparison to divine justice, this does not reward one for actions that are righteous, but instead punishes them for something that is believed as wrong. The system I would rather live under is divine justice. The ability to have compassion and reward for fearing God is one that allows one to live peacefully, as opposed to taking vengeance on those who have done wrong. The argument of all three friends would be to have human justice. Whenever something is wrong, there is the immediate desire to take revenge or to get even. Instead of living righteously, most build into a system that is based on vengeance. 2. According to the Bhagavad – Gita, the ability to be saved is one that happens when one recognizes God or the prophet of God and comes out of ignorance and irreligion. As this happens, the soul is able to progress through life cycles while coming closer to God. If one does not move out of this, then they reincarnate into a different form, either animal or human. The ignorance that they carry turns into karma and the things of the past they have done with good intent turns into dharma. As one progresses, the karma can turn into dharma, which helps the soul to progress and to be saved. Kabir has a similar concept about being saved and the progression of the soul. Kabir recognized that as one overcame ignorance and recognized the Supreme Being, they were able to eliminate karma. As this happened, the individual was able to become an enlightened soul. When one reached the highest realm of enlightenment, they were recognized as bahkti, which meant that they were an

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Essay

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Students From Diverse Backgrounds by Kathleen McQuiston, Dor - Essay Example The prime objective of the paper is to investigate the efficiency of the awareness system in improving the reading and learning ability of high-school students belonging to the diverse backgrounds both in terms of culture and linguistics. The students suffering from impairments were also considered in the research study. It also objected to recognize few measures which can be used for the improvement of the decoding ability among those students. In this regard, the researchers concluded various noteworthy measures which can be beneficial for the students if implied with efficacy and effectivity. Methods In order to perform the research work and obtain relevant findings from the study, the researchers can be recognized to focus on the observation method of data collection. In this case the researchers implied a close observation of the research participants, i.e. the students and the teachers of high-schools. Perpetually, the researchers concentrated on studying the behavior of the st udent with impairments and belonging to different cultural groups and linguistics.

Change management of Toyota and Nissan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Change management of Toyota and Nissan - Essay Example The paper throws light on change management as a controlled approach employed to deal with changes both from the discernment of a human being or an organisation. It is a realistic method which involves altering individuals, teams, and organisations from an existing state to the preferred or future state. It is a managerial practice which intends to help employees in acknowledging the changes in their current industry environment. A change process or change management process is a set of actions that helps a group of members to control the specific change efficiently. The change process facilitates to trace the change requests, to evaluate and to endorse the requests, before execution. This mechanism eases the process of alteration. However, change is present in both personal and professional lives. Therefore, change management is the process which is utilised by organisations so as to accomplish their prospective goals. Change management process utilises varied tactics and procedures in order to achieve final objectives. Moreover, the process of change can be implemented effectively only if members coordinate and accept the change in a positive manner. It is the liability of the employees to manage change in such a way so that it enhances the effectiveness as well as provides inspiration and augments morale of employees of an organisation. Along with the employees, the superiors of an organisation are also responsible for proper adoption and implementation of changes. This can be done only with the help of proper communication and harmonisation among the employees of organisation. Proper management of a change can augment dedication and motivation of the employees towards work thereby improving productivity, firmness and profitability of organisation (Nakae, 2005). Hence, it can be avowed that change management is one of the significant systems utilised by organisations so as to retain and cope up with the cultural challenges of the current scenario. Change man agement is a practice utilised for sustaining in the global environmental conditions among other competitors in the long run (Fahy & Cunningham, 2007). The assignment mainly provides a concise understanding of the prime reasons for change, change management process adopted and the problems faced by the members of the organisations after adoption of the change. The organisations selected for the assignment are Toyota and Nissan. Discussion Change management is the process of scheduling, executing and evaluating of changes so as to cope up with the exigent environment. In order to sustain in this competitive environment, change is essential, so the practice of change management is also mandatory. The procedures of change management are mainly utilised so as to improve the level of potentials of employees and productivity along with development of new tactics, techniques and management systems. Change management process occurs due to diverse reasons in assorted organisations but in thi s assignment, internal issues related to human resource are predominantly highlighted. Reasons for Change Nissan Motor Company Ltd is one of the leading car producer organizations of Japan. It is a reputed trade name in the sector of automobile, and markets its cars with the brand name Datsun. It came into existence in the year 1934. Since then, Nissan Motor Company Ltd is adopting and accepting variety of changes in order to retain a reputed brand image in the competitive market of Japan. Moreover, in order to retain its uniqueness in the market among other competitors, change management is essential. However, in order to retain its market share and sustainability, Nissan Motors tied up with two other reputed automotive giants named Daimler and Renault (Renault, 2010). The prime objective behind this international collaboration is mutual

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Essay

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Students From Diverse Backgrounds by Kathleen McQuiston, Dor - Essay Example The prime objective of the paper is to investigate the efficiency of the awareness system in improving the reading and learning ability of high-school students belonging to the diverse backgrounds both in terms of culture and linguistics. The students suffering from impairments were also considered in the research study. It also objected to recognize few measures which can be used for the improvement of the decoding ability among those students. In this regard, the researchers concluded various noteworthy measures which can be beneficial for the students if implied with efficacy and effectivity. Methods In order to perform the research work and obtain relevant findings from the study, the researchers can be recognized to focus on the observation method of data collection. In this case the researchers implied a close observation of the research participants, i.e. the students and the teachers of high-schools. Perpetually, the researchers concentrated on studying the behavior of the st udent with impairments and belonging to different cultural groups and linguistics.

Accounting Standards Boards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting Standards Boards - Essay Example This convergence was done in order to improve the two main US accounting principles i.e. IFRA and GAAP. China and Japan also worked in this coverage of two boards. In accordance with the 2010 reports, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s have issued a statement of global accounting standard and convergence in order to direct the SEC staff. This was done to make a work plan which should be used to incorporate IFRA standards in US financial reporting system (Colson, Robert H, 2003, p.22). A brief history on the relationship of these two boards is described below: Interest of international accounting began in 1950s due to the integration of World War II and due to the increase of capital flaws in the systems. An international congress of accountant was hosted by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in 1962. It discussed the steps for the development of accounting, auditing and other reporting standards. The first textbook of international accounting was publishe d in 1967 which was written by a member of FASB. IASB and FASB relationship was informal one. But in 1988 FASB became a member of IASC which meant that FASB was able to participate in the meetings of IASC. In 1993 FASB and its counter party conducted a joint venture project. This resulted in the improvement of in the relationship and standards of these two boards. In 2000 use of international accounting standards increased rapidly due to which IASB and FASB decided to collaborate and explore US international standards. IASB and FASB finally decided to collaborate and work together in order to improve the US accounting standards. This partnership has been mentioned in â€Å"The Norwalk Agreement.† A memorandum of understanding was issued by both of the boards in 2006. It described the targeted performance they hope to achieve by 2008. In this MOA they shared their common objective with high quality accounting standards. Both the boards completed the first joint project and iss ued a converged accounting standard on business combination in 2007. FASB and IASB updated its memorandum of understanding in 2008 in order to establish convergence goals of 2011. FASB reported the status of their project in order to converge and improve UC GAAP accounting standards in 2010. First quarter congress report was issued by both the boards which reported modification of their joint work plan. A progress report was issued by both the boards in 2011. It reported the progress of the convergence work program. In this report it gave priority to the three main areas i.e. leasing, financial instrument and revenue recognition. 1.2 IASB equivalents of the FASB original pronouncements FASB and IASB mainly establish standards in relation to finance and accounting which helps nongovernmental organizations to prepare financial statements. FASB major pronouncement is to develop the principles of general accounting, while IASB focuses on international financial reporting analysis. This indicates that IASB is not equivalent of the pronouncements of the other board. There exists difference in the practices of both the boards. FASB uses a rule based approach, which differs from the principles of IASB; it focuses on techniques, processes and organization. In spite of these differences in the original pronouncement, both the boards have agreed to converge for the best interest of financial economy. This means that the main reason of the convergence was to set universal standards of accounting. In order to reduce these differences meetings were conducted by auditors to ensure the success of both the boar

Washing Machine Embedded System Analysis

Washing Machine Embedded System Analysis In this following assignment we are going to see about the Embedded system and how it is implemented in home application and there is few reference about the language used in the embedded system and there few application of the embedded system. Embedded systems are basic electronic devices used to control, monitor or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or a plant. The choice of word embedded reflects the fact that these are integral part of the system. Uses of embedded system in our real life are increasing day by day. Children need such systems to play video games and to operate chocolate vending machine; Housewives need embedded systems for microwave, TV, music system, and other system appliances. ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEM: An embedded device can range from a relatively simple product for ex. a toaster to complex mission critical applications such as those used in avionics. A typical embedded device will have both hardware and software components. The hardware could be micro components such as embedded microprocessor or microcontroller. Microcontroller is relatively small, has an on chip memory, an I/O controller and other supported modules to do processing and controlling tasks. The software consists of applications that perform dedicated tasks and may run on Real time operating system which will be explained later in this unit. Embedded System may be either an independent system or a part of a large system. It is specialized computer system but not a general purpose workstation like a desktop or a computer. Such kind of systems is housed on a single microprocessor board with programs which are stored in ROM (Read Only Memory). Embedded system is usually a compact, portable and mass produced electronic devices. In the early days, embedded systems were designed using microprocessors like 8085. But nowadays, we are using a wide range of processors from other manufacturers. Before we want to the basic of an embedded system, we should see a wide range of its applications. In fact, almost all modern electronic devices use some sort of embedded system technology inside them and we always come across such devices: DVD players, air conditioners, printers, attendance machines, hand phone, digital camera, ATM machines, we will see some examples of embedded system in section 1. Now it is time to give a proper definition. Definition: Embedded Systems are devices which are used to control, monitor or assist the operation of an equipment, machinery or plant. The term control defines the main function of Embedded System because their purpose is to control an aspect of a physical system such as pressure, temperature and so on. Also the term monitor defines the progress of activities. Embedded Systems are extremely common in the home, vehicle and the workplace.  · At Home: Washing Machines, dishwashers, ovens, central heating system, burglars alarms, etc.  · Motor Vehicle: Engine management, security (locking or antitheft devices), air conditioning, brakes, radio etc.  · In Industry Commerce: Machine control, factory automation, robotics, electronic commerce office equipments. IMPLEMENTATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM IN WASHING MACHINE: Washing machine supports three functional modes: i) Fully Automatic Mode: In fully automatic mode, once the system is started it perform independently without user interference and after the completion of work it should notify the user about the completion of work. This mode instantaneously sense cloth quality and requirement of water, water temperature, detergent, load, wash cycle time and perform operation accordingly. ii) Semi-Automatic Mode: In this semiautomatic mode in which washing conditions are predefined. Once the predefined mode is started the system perform its job and after completion it inform the user about the completion of work. iii) Manual Mode: In this mode, user has to specify which operation he wants to do and has to provide related information to the control system. For example, if user wants to wash clothes only, he has to choose wash option manually. Then the system ask the user to enter the wash time, amount of water and the load. After these data are entered, the user should start the machine. When the specified operation is completed system should inform the user. Remember that Modes should be a selectable by a keypad. A washing machine may have a System Controller (Brain of the System) which provides the power control for various monitors and pumps and even controls the display that tells us how the wash cycles are proceeding. Driving Motor Water pump System Controller Display Panel Sensor Inverter Unit The working of these components is as follows: i) Display Panel: It is a touch panel screen to control all the operations of a machine ii) Sensor: It measures the water level and appropriate amount of soap. Input devices for automatic washing machine are sensors for water flow, water level and temperature; door switch; selector knob or buttons for settings such as spin speed, temperature, load size and types of wash cycle required. iii)Water Level Sensor: It indicates beep sound when water level is low in washing tub. Door Sensor: It indicates beep sound when all clothes are washed that means now you can open the maching door and also you can move to your next phase. Next phase will be dry Phase. This phase also follows same concept for drying the clothes. iv) Driving Motor: Motor can rotate in two directions either reverse or forward. The forward direction drives the current in forward direction and motor rotates forward. The reverse direction driver does the opposite of it. A washing machine can maintain single motor in fully automatic or double motor in semi-automatic washing machine. Sequence of washing the clothes with this can be explained in few steps as follows: 1) Put on your dirty clothes on to the wash tub for washing 2) Put the detergent Soap (of your choice like Surf n Excel etc.) 3) Put ON the tap, water rushes inside the tub. Embedded Systems 4) If its electronic control , then by the press of the keys ,you could program , if its mechanical it shall something like an mechanical switches wherein you are allowed to operate for setting the wash time. 5) Now the wash motor rotates and washes the clothes and gives you a beep sound 6) Now your clothes are washed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦remove it from the wash tub and put it on the spin tub and program it accordinglyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦after spinning clothes are dried and you are allowed to hang it for proper drying in sunlight. The fully automatic also comes in two category front loading as well as top loading. i) Front loading is the one wherein you are given an opening to put clothes in on the front side. ii) Top loading is on the top. iii) System Controller: Such Component is used to control the motor speed. Motor can move in forward direction as well as reverse direction. System Controller reads the speed of motor and controls the speed of motor in different phases such as in Washing, Cleaning Drying etc. All kinds of Sensors such as Door Sensor, Pressure Sensor and Keypad, Speed sensor are also maintained by this. iv) Water Pump: The water pump is used to recirculate water and drain out the dirty water. This pump actually contains two separate pumps inside one: The bottom half of the pump is hooked up to the drain line, while the top half recirculates the wash water. The motor that drives the pump can reverse direction. It spins one way when the washer is running a wash cycle and recirculates the water; and it spins the other way when the washer is doing a spin cycle and draining the water. PROGRAMMING LANGUANGE USED IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: Embedded systems are application specific computers that interact with the physical world. Each has a diverse set of tasks to perform, and although a very flexible language might be able to handle all of them, instead a variety of problem domain specific languages have evolved that are easier to write, analyze, and compile. The choice of programming language is very important for real time embedded software. The following factors influence the choice of languages: A language compiler should be available for the chosen RTOS (Real Time Operating System) and hardware architecture of the embedded system.  · Compilers should be available on multiple OSs and microprocessors. This is particularly important if the processor or the RTOS needs to be changed in future. The language should allow direct hardware control without sacrificing the advantages of a high level language. The language should provide memory management control such as dynamic and static memory allocation. So, we can categorize embedded programming languages in to two parts such as hardware language and software language. Hardware language: A hardware description language can be used to describe the logic gates, the sequential machines, and the functional modules, along with their interconnection and their control, in a embedded system. There are various languages used for this purpose as follows: VHDL VHDL is the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language. It can describe the behavior and structure of electronic systems, but is particularly suited as a language to describe the structure and behavior of digital electronic hardware designs; VHDL is an international standard, regulated by the international languages. VHDL is suitable for use today in the digital hardware design process, from specification through high level functional simulation, manual design and logic synthesis down to gate level simulation. VERILOG Verilog HDL is one of the two most common Hardware Description Languages (HDL) used by integrated circuit (IC) designers. The other one is VHDL. HDL allows the design to be simulated earlier in the design cycle in order to correct errors or experiment with different architectures. Designs described in HDL are technology independent, easy to design and debug, and are usually more readable than schematics, particularly for large circuits. Verilog can be used to describe designs at four levels of abstraction: Algorithmic level (much like, C language code with if, case and loop statements). ii) Register transfer level (RTL uses registers connected by Boolean equations). Gate level (interconnected AND, NOR etc.) Switch level (the switches are MOS transistors inside gates). The language also defines constructs that can be used to control the input and output of simulation. Software language: Java and C++ are other programming languages which are used extensively for embedded system design. APPLICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM: We can categorize applications of Embedded System into various categories as mentioned in Table: Area Applications Aerospace Navigation Systems, Automatic landing systems, Flight altitude controls, engine controls, space exploration Automotive Fuel Injection Control, Passenger environmental controls, antilock braking systems, air bag controls, GPS mapping Communications Switches, Hubs Computer Peripherals Printers, scanners, keyboards, displays, modems, Hard Disk Drives, CDROM drives Home Ovens, Washing Machine, Digital Watch, Security Alarm, Sound Recorder Industrial Elevator Controls, Robots, Engine Control Instrumentation Data Collection, power supplies Medical Imaging Systems, Patient monitors, Heart pacers Office Automation FAX machines, Telephones, Cash Registers CONCLUSION: An embedded system is a single purpose computer built into a larger system for the purposes of controlling and monitoring the system. These are also known as special purpose computer system. In this assignment we came to know how the embedded system is implemented in the home applications and how it is useful for the human beings in a very good manner.

Zora Neale Hurston :: Zora Neale Hurston

	Zora Neale Hurston was an astounding Afro-American author who was recognized not for being the first Afro-American writer, but rather for her ability to bring forth her cultural language and imagery. If not for Zora's pioneering effort as a female black writer, the world of modern literature would have never seen the cultural insights of the African American culture in such a candid way. 	Zora's date of birth is said to be in January of 1891, however her actual date of birth is debated today due to the fact that records of African Americans during the 19th century were not accurately kept (Lyons 2). Zora's home town, which was not disputed, was Eatonville, Florida, which was founded by African Americans and was the first all-black town incorporated into the United States (Cheryl@geocities [online] ). Her father John Hurston was a tall, heavy muscled man who often seemed "invincible" to Zora (Lyons 2). John was a community leader and was influential member of society. His positions in Eatonville included: Baptist preacher, town mayor, and skilled carpenter (Lyons 2). Though John was a revered member of Eatonville he had is faults as well. His eye for other women often left his family home alone for months out of a time (Lyons 1). Zora's mother, Lucy Potts Hurston was the "hard-driving force in the family."(Lyons 2) Lucy was a country schoolt eacher, who taught all her children how to read and write, which lead to six out of her seven children earning a college degree (Lyons 2-3). Unfortunately, Lucy Hurston died when Zora was nine years of age (Otfinoski 46). Zora was the seventh child out of a family of eight (Otfinoski 45). During her childhood she felt unloved by her father and thus was seen as the odd on out (Lyons 2). 	Zora's education was comprised of six years of grammar school, high school, and several prestigious colleges. Zora attended grammar school in Eatonville, Florida at Hungerford School around 1907 (Lyons 3). The summer of 1917 Zora began the next step of her education by attending Morgan Academy in Baltimore, Maryland. By 1918 when she had finished her high school requirements, Zora had attended multiple schools, in order to gain the best education as an African American female. 1918-1919 Zora attended Howard Prep School in Washington D.C. In 1920 she earned her associates degree and in 1924 earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in anthropology at Howard University (Lyons 24-6).

Binge Drinking Freshmen :: Personal Narrative College Papers

Binge Drinking Freshmen Emily* is a typical female college student on the outside, with a shocking story hidden on the inside. Emily began drinking before most students rode on their first bus †¦ school bus! At the age of 4, Emily wasn’t given candy, but alcohol instead. As an incentive for repeating words back to her aunt she was given red wine. As Emily got older, her mother brought her to family parties, oblivious to what was going on. At these parties, Emily would typically drink scotch or whiskey, provided to her by the older men in the family. When 6th grade rolled around, Emily began drinking with friends, sneaking it into her room for sleepovers. High school was the same idea, although now, Emily consistently found herself drinking alone in the mornings, even before going to school. After graduation, Emily left home in D.C. for Boston’s Northeastern University. She described her first year in the city of Boston. â€Å"I went all out; I didn’t have to worry about having my mom catch me drunk, I drank as much as I wanted to, whenever I wanted,† she said. While, "going all out," Emily made other bad decisions, as a result of her bad drinking habits. â€Å"I slept with a couple guys and never used protection. I had to use the Morning after pill on one occasion.† Even after testing herself for HIV and other STDs, she continued to binge drink every weekend. This went on until last fall, when she nearly lost her life leaving a bar downtown. It was a cold, dark, rain driven late night/early morning in Boston and Emily wanted nothing more than to go home to bed. Yelling obscenities after leaving the bar, she was hit by a cab. Her head slammed into the pavement and she had a seizure. Her friends called 911 immediately and she was rushed to the hospital. After spending a few days in the hospital, Emily realized like always after a night of drinking that she was having trouble remembering the details. Only this time, things were different, she told me she couldn’t form short/long-term memories or even remember things in her past. Emily decided to take a look at her life, ultimately realizing she wasn’t happy with herself. Cold turkey appeared to be her only option with alcohol at the time and she gave it a shot. Even with stories such as these being published in newspapers throughout the country on a daily basis,

Psychoanalytic Theory and Tony Soprano

Soprano, the main character of the HBO series â€Å"The Sopranos. † This paper will attempt to contain specific examples in the show where the theory applies and as such the psychiatric session between Tony and his therapist will also be analyzed with the purpose of knowing the extent of application of Freud's theory.The theory of personality developed by Freud that focused on repression and unconscious forces and included the concepts of infantile sexuality, resistance, transference, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego, is hoped to be better understood in the fabricated character of Soprano as the head of the most powerful criminal organization in New Jersey. The Soprano character, played by James Gandolfini, is the series' exceedingly complex protagonist and as such is the only character to appear in every episode of the show as the Boss of the DiMeo Family.Throughout the series, Tony Soprano has to juggle the ongoing needs of both his personal family a nd his professional family and in these episodes and sequences this paper will analyze the indication of the Freud's theory. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and Tony Soprano Sigmund Freud was born Sigismund Schlomo Freud on May 6, 1856 and until his death on September 23, 1939 was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist.He founded the Psychoanalytic School of Psychology and was best known for his theories of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression; his redefinition of sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, directed toward a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic techniques, especially his theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship and the presumed value of dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires.Commonly referred to as â€Å"the father of psychoanalysis,† Freud's work has been highly influential, popularizing such notions as the unconscious, the Oedipus complex, defense mechanisms, Freudian slips and dream symbolism. However great and despite his contributions, numerous critics disputed Freud's works and in particular the Psychoanalytic Theory because of its characterization as complex counterfeit of science. Also a physiologist, medical doctor and psychologist, Freud was generally recognized as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century.In elaborating his Psychoanalytic Theory, Freud stated that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is proper province of psychology. He articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, of infantile sexuality, of repression, and proposed a tripartite account of the mind's structure, all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions.Notwithstanding the multiple manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can in almo st all fundamental respects be traced directly back to Freud's original work. Further, Freud's innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fertile, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields, including anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation in addition to psychology.However, Freud's most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with psychoanalysis he had invented a new science of the mind, remains the subject of much critical debate and controversy. (Jones, 1981). Psychoanalysis Based on Freud, Psychoanalysis is a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders. It comprises several interlocking theories concerning the functioning of the mind.The term also refers to a specific type of treatment where the analyst, upon hearing the thoughts of the â€Å"an alysand† (analytic patient), formulates and then explains the unconscious basis for the patient's symptoms and character problems. Unconscious functioning was first described by Fred who modified his theories several times over a period of almost 50 years (1889-1939) of attempting to treat patients who suffered with mental problems. During psychoanalytic treatment, the patient tells the analyst various thoughts and feelings.The analyst listens carefully, formulates, then intervenes to attempt to help the patient develop insight into unconscious factors causing the problems. The specifics of the analyst's interventions typically include confronting and clarifying the patient's pathological defenses, wishes and guilt. Freud devised it in Vienna in the 1890s because he was interested in finding an effective treatment for patients with neurotic or hysterical symptoms.This new theory, which addressed the cause of neurotic symptoms — phobias, compulsions, obsessions, depressi ons, and â€Å"hysterical† conversions — amongst others, suggested that such problems were created by conflicts among various wishes and guilt, which produced anxiety. Freud and Psychoanalysis In 1886, Freud abandoned the hypnosis form of treatment, in favor of a treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the â€Å"talking cure. † The â€Å"talking cure† is widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.In his 40s, Freud â€Å"had numerous psychosomatic disorders as well as exaggerated fears of dying and other phobias† (Corey 2000, p. 67). During this time Freud was involved in the task of exploring his own dreams, memories, and the dynamics of his personality development. During this self-analysis, he came to realize the hostility he felt towards his father (Jacob Freud), who had died in 1896, and â€Å"he also recalled his childhood sexual feelings for his mother (Amalia Freud), who was attractive, warm, and protective† (Corey 2000, p.67). Corey considered this time of emotional difficulty to be the most creative time in Freud's life. In a more vivid identification of the personality of Freud, Historian Peter Gay (2000) said that the former opened a window on the unconscious where he said, lust, rage and repression battle for supremacy and changed the way we view ourselves. There is nothing new about such embittered confrontations; they have dogged Freud's footsteps since he developed the cluster of theories he would give the name of psychoanalysis.His fundamental idea that all humans are endowed with an unconscious in which potent sexual and aggressive drives, and defenses against them, struggle for supremacy, as it were, behind a person's back has struck many as a romantic, scientifically unprovable notion. His contention that the catalog of neurotic ailments to which humans are susceptible is nearly always the work of sexual maladjustments, and that erotic desire starts no t in puberty but in infancy, seemed to the respectable nothing less than obscene.His dramatic evocation of a universal Oedipus complex, in which (to put a complicated issue too simply) the little boy loves his mother and hates his father, seems more like a literary conceit than a thesis worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist. As he pursued his medical researches, he came to the conclusion that the most intriguing mysteries lay concealed in the complex operations of the mind.By the early 1890s, he was specializing in â€Å"neurasthenics† (mainly severe hysterics); they taught him much, including the art of patient listening. At the same time he was beginning to write down his dreams, increasingly convinced that they might offer clues to the workings of the unconscious, a notion he borrowed from the Romantics. He saw himself as a scientist taking material both from his patients and from himself, through introspection. Freud was intent not merely on originating a sweepin g theory of mental functioning and malfunctioning.He also wanted to develop the rules of psychoanalytic therapy and expand his picture of human nature to encompass not just the couch but the whole culture. As to the first, he created the largely silent listener who encourages the analysand to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how foolish, repetitive or outrageous, and who intervenes occasionally to interpret what the patient on the couch is struggling to say. The efficacy of analysis remains a matter of controversy, though the possibility of mixing psychoanalysis and drug therapy is gaining support.Freud's ventures into culture – history, anthropology, literature, art, sociology, the study of religion – have proved little less controversial, though they retain their fascination and plausibility and continue to enjoy a widespread reputation. Tony Soprano Played by James Gandolfini, Tony Soprano is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. The series' exceedingly complex protagonist, he is the only character to appear in every episode of the show. He is the Boss of the DiMeo Family.Throughout the series, Tony Soprano has to juggle the ongoing needs of both his personal family and his professional family. He has a volatile relationship with his wife, Carmela and a loving if somewhat strained relationship with his two children, Meadow and Anthony, Jr. Passionate and often hotheaded, he is nonetheless intelligent and struggles to conduct his personal and professional lives with reason rather than passion. Tony is often portrayed as a loving father he attends his children's sporting events and wants them to be safe, happy and to have every opportunity in life.He hopes that both his children will escape the life of crime he has led. The Theory and the Character Examples of Freud's theory of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression; his redefinition of sexual desire and his therapeutic techniques were mani fested in selected episodes of the series. In Season 1 he is moved close to tears by her performance at a choir recital. He often tells people about her aspiration to become a pediatrician. Tony has suffered from panic attacks that sometimes cause him to lose consciousness since his childhood.He has his first on-screen panic attack while cooking sausages at his son's birthday party – this occurs in a flashback in the pilot episode. Tony loses consciousness and causes a small explosion when he drops a bottle of lighter fluid onto the coals. Tony describes the experience of the panic attack as feeling like he had â€Å"ginger ale in his skull†. This prompts him to seek help for the attacks. After extensive testing that includes an MRI scan and blood work no physical cause can be found so Dr. Cusamano referred Tony to psychiatrist, Dr.Melfi. Tony's referral to therapy allowed a discussion of his thoughts and feelings away from both aspects of his life — this forum for reaching into the characters thoughts has been described as a Greek chorus and key to the viewers understanding of the character. Tony was initially very resistant to the idea that there was a psychiatric cause for his symptoms. He resented being in therapy and refused to accept the diagnosis of panic attacks given him by the neurologists who had investigated his illness. Tony begins to open up once Dr.Melfi explains the doctor-patient confidentiality rules. He tells her about the stress of his business life – he has a feeling that he has come in at the end of something and describes a reverence for times past. Tony leaves out the violence associated with his criminal career. Tony tells Dr. Melfi a story about ducks landing in his pool. He also tells her about his mother, Livia, who is relentlessly pessimistic and cynical, at once demanding and resentful of assistance. By the end of the first session Tony has admitted that he feels depressed but storms out when Dr.Melfi p resses him further about the relationship between his symptoms and the ducks. n the episode â€Å"46 Long† they continue discuss Tony's mother and her difficulties living alone. Tony admits that he feels guilty because his mother could not be allowed to live with his family. We learn that he has been left to care for his mother alone by his sisters. When Dr. Melfi asks him to remember good experiences from his childhood he has difficulty. It is clear that Tony's perception of his mother does not meet with the reality of her personality.He also shows that he blames Carmela for preventing his mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's car accident and Melfi suggests depression may have contributed to the accident – Tony misunderstands her and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while visiting his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove. In a later session Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger towards his mother and he again storms out. During this episode Tony introduces the concept of him acting like the sad clown – happy on the outside but sad on the inside.In the episode, â€Å"Denial, Anger, Acceptance,† Tony discusses Jackie's cancer with Dr. Melfi. She tries to use it as an example of Tony's negative thinking contributing to his depression. Tony becomes angry and storms out because he feels she is trying to trick him and manipulate his thoughts using the pictures that decorate her office. After Jackie worsens and Tony is called a Frankenstein by a business associate he returns to therapy to discuss these things with Dr. Melfi — she asks him if he feels like a monster. In the â€Å"Fortunate Son† episode, Tony discusses a childhood memory of an early panic attack.He saw his father and uncle mutilate Mr Satriale, the local butcher, and later fainted at a family dinner consisting of free meat from the butcher. Dr. Melfi makes a connection between meat and Tony's panic attacks an d also explores his mother's attitude to the fruits of his father's labor. Later Dr. Melfi tries prescribing Lithium as a mood stabilizer. In the episode â€Å"Isabella† Tony sinks into a severe depressive episode and experiences hallucinations — he sees a beautiful Italian woman named Isabella in his neighbor's garden.Tony sees Isabella several times during the episode and later learns that she never existed. Melfi theorizes that Isabella was an idealized maternal figure that Tony's subconscious produced because of he was deeply upset at his own mother's actions at the time. In â€Å"I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano† episode, Tony abruptly ends his therapy and convinces Dr. Melfi to go into hiding when he discovers that his Uncle Junior has found out about their sessions. The stage on which its drama unfolds is the relationship between Tony and Dr.Melfi, a duet blistering with so much heat and so authentic in its depiction of what actually happens in psychoanalytic psychotherapy where you fell as if you are in the room yourself eavesdropping on another patient's session. The relationship between Tony and Dr. Melfi has been up-and-down, with Tony reaching a level of comfort with Dr. Melfi that he has never experienced with anyone else before, not even his wife. This closeness leads Tony to have something of a â€Å"crush† on Dr. Melfi, something that is unattainable. However, the â€Å"prying† from Dr.Melfi is uncomfortable for Tony and he often turns sarcastic and antagonistic towards her, leading to an ongoing strain in their relationship. During the episode â€Å"The Second Coming,† aired in part II of season six, Melfi's own therapist suggests to her that therapy like which she administers to Tony has been considered to be an enabler to certain sociopathic personalities. In the episode â€Å"46 Long† they continue discuss Tony's mother and her difficulties living alone. Tony admits that he feels guilty because hi s mother could not be allowed to live with his family. When Dr.Melfi asks him to remember good experiences from his childhood he has difficulty. It is clear that Tony's perception of his mother does not meet with the reality of her personality. He also shows that he blames Carmela for preventing his mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's car accident and Melfi suggests depression may have contributed to the accident – Tony misunderstands her and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while visiting his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove. In a later session Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger towards his mother and he again storms out.During this episode Tony introduces the concept of him acting like the sad clown – happy on the outside but sad on the inside. Finally, in the penultimate episode of the series, â€Å"The Blue Comet,† Melfi severs her relationship with Tony as his therapist. In psychoanalytic terms, To ny is split, so split that he is an ambulatory. One part of himself – the thrill-seeking mob boss trying to cling by his brass knuckles to a world where nobody plays by the rules anymore – is alienated from the other part, the devoted family man trying to survive in the quicksand of Nero-fiddling-while-Rome-burns middle-class America.It's a toss-up which culture is more empty, dysfunctional and corrupt. In any event, the breach is causing him grievous suffering. Tony tries to put up a wall between the two worlds but inevitably they start to bleed into each other. The more he tries to ignore or paper over the cracks, the more his psyche rebels. He has anxiety attacks, blacks out, tumbles into a depression. Tony may be in denial about why his system is on red alert but it is impossible to watch the show without developing an armchair theory. Tony's gangster personal provides him with constant excitement and action, a sense of power and control, a definition of masculinit y.Through violence rationalized as business or impersonal soldiering he also gets to express his considerable unacknowledged rage without encroaching on his alter ego as benevolent husband and father. But when the center fails to hold, the result is panic, depression, self-hatred, sexual collapse and engulfing, ungovernable anger. Tony's panic attacks are an undeniable signal that his defenses are deserting him. Psychoanalysis is about transformation. When transformation happens, it can seem quite magical. It can involve gaining the ability to make previously unthinkable choices or living a life that once felt beyond reach.It can be about achieving the freedom to be oneself instead of feeling inhibited, stuck and frightened. It can be about something as simple and earth-breaking as locating oneself differently in the world . If there is change, people are not the same as they used to be. References Bender, William. (2006). The Last Aria of Tony Soprano. The New York Times. Berman, J . (2003). The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and well- being. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 20(3), 575-578. Bolognini, Stefano (2004). Psychoanalytic Empathy. Free Association Books, London. Cf. Blum, Harold P. (Ed. ) (1977). Female Psychology.New York: International Universities Press. De Mijolla, Allain. (2005). International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Thomson/Gale. Dennis, Wendy. (2205). Why Psychoanalysis Matter. The Walrus Magazine Eagleton, Terry. (1983). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 153-4. Elliott, Anthony (2002). Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction, Second Edition. Duke University Press. Fisher, Seymour. (1985). The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy. University Press. Flax, Jane. Political Philosophy and the Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics.Discovering Reality. 252. Gay, Peter. (1998) Freud: A Life for our Time. New York: W. W. N orton & Co. , Inc. 810 pp. Reprinted from Gerald, Corey. (2000). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 6th ed. Jacobson, Edith. (1976). Depression; Comparative Studies of Normal, Neurotic, and Psychotic Conditions. International Universities Press. Jones, Ernest. (1981). The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. Basic Books. Laplanche, Jean and Pontalis, J. B. (1974). The Language of Psycho-Analysis. W. W. Norton & Company.

The Navajo Code Talkers

Major General Howard Connor once said, â€Å"Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines never would have taken Iwo Jima† (Teller 1). During the Second World War, Navajo Code Takers were some of the most important troops for the Allied Powers. They used a secret code to relay undecipherable messages to one another (Jones 1). There were many important people of World War II. The first person to suggest using the Navajo Language to send messages was Philip Johnston. Philip’s father was a missionary to Navajos, so Philip was raised on Indian reservations almost his whole childhood. He could both speak and understand fluent Navajo. Knowing that other Indian languages had been used before, Philip thought Navajo would be perfect. Navajo was unwritten, unknown, had a complex form, a hard pronunciation, and had so many high and low tones that made it impossible to decipher. In World War I, 19 Chocotaw men worked bravely for the U. S. (Jones 1). By knowing this, Philip put his plan into action. His idea worked so well that Navajos were able to encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English phrase in a matter of about twenty seconds (Infoplease 1). This proved that the Navajo Language could be used for code talking. In 1942, 29 Navajo men were recruited by the United States Marine Corps. These men were not told why they were needed or how long they would be gone. Most importantly they were not allowed to tell anyone, not a family member or even another marine, about what they were going to be assigned to. Theodore Parker, a preacher and writer once said, â€Å"Let us do our duty, in our shop in our kitchen, in the market, the street, the office, the school, the home, just as faithfully as if we stood in the front rank of some great battle, and knew that victory for mankind depends on our bravery, strength, and skill. When we do that, the humblest of us will be serving in that great army which achieves the welfare of the world. † The Navajo men felt that this calling to the military was their duty and obligation. Never before had the country so desperately wanted them. This gave the Navajos a sense of strength to get through hardships other men could not. Their duty was to create a code, based on the Navajo Language, which would not be deciphered by the Japanese (Infoplease 1). The code that they created used Navajo words. When these words were translated to English the first letter of the English translation would help to spell out a totally different message. â€Å"Wolachee† is in Navajo. In English it means ant. To decipher a code the person would take the â€Å"A† in ant along with many other letters and these would spell out a word. In the end, the Navajos had many words for just military terms and words instead of having to spell out the whole thing (Infoplease 1). Navajos played a big part in the communication of many battles. In fact, every major operation involving marines in the pacific area had code talkers. In the Battle of Iwo Jima, six code talkers worked for two days straight and sent over 800 messages. Not a single one of these messages, however, contained an error (Infoplease 1). The code talkers would alert one another for planes, or for enemy infantries, and much more. The Navajo Code Talkers saved many lives with their unique way of communication and were by far the best way of communication during World War II. Although the Navajos were not allowed to tell anyone about their amazing accomplishments and feats during World War II, they have now received medals and awards for their outstanding service. It is truly amazing that the Navajos were so loyal to their country that they never told even their closest relative or friend about their missions. A great person once said, â€Å"Men of genius are admired, men of wealth are envied, men of power are feared; but only men of character are trusted. † The Navajos had none of these things except character, and for that they will always be known. Even though many Japanese tried to break the Navajo code, every one of them that tried found it impossible to decipher (Grant 131). The Navajo code is now, and always will be, known as the code that was never broken (Infoplease 1-2).

Unfair practice procedure

This event was held as portion of the on-going support made available to academic schools to back up consistent application of the Unfair Practice Procedure, and to portion pattern in the usage of plagiarism sensing tools and schemes that help avoid plagiarism. The event was divided into the three elements below: A sum-up of the usage made of the Unfair Practice Procedure, and a opportunity to discourse issues originating from this ; Discussion of the usage made of Turnitin and the online tools that can assist raise consciousness of plagiarism ; A short presentation by three International Students on the different attacks to analyze they have encountered before come ining UK higher instruction.1 ) The Unfair Practice ProcedureA sum-up of the instances considered by the University Committee of Enquiry was presented, along with the available informations on the instances considered within schools, and remarks made by External Examiners on this issue. Small group treatment followed between participants, which led a figure of issues being identified that relate to the Committee of Enquiry. These included the position of some schools that the Committee has been excessively lenient in some instances, and that the processs used by the Committee remain really nerve-racking to staff involved. It was noted that this has resulted in some schools being unwilling to use the process.2 ) Prevention and Detection ToolsA brief presentation was given of a scope of online tools that are available to back up Cardiff pupils in this country, incl uding the & A ; lsquo ; Student Guide to Academic Integrity ‘ , & A ; lsquo ; Plagiarism Learning Objects within the Information Literacy Resource Bank ‘ , and the & A ; lsquo ; Plagiarism and How to Avoid it ‘ tutorial now available through Blackboard. This was followed by treatment of the increased usage that is being made of the Turnitin plagiarism sensing package, and of the issues that surround its usage. Points originating from this treatment included the demand to be cognizant of possible additions in assessment-related disposal, and the possible value of the tool to back up formative appraisals.3 ) The View of International StudentsFollowing a sum-up of the survey patterns that international pupils have admitted to, the concluding portion of the workshop saw three international pupils offer their position on the different cultural and study traditions that exist in the UK compared with their place states, and the differing outlooks of their current schools and support mechanisms available. The positions provided echo the recent research findings, which have highlighted the scope of different challenges that international pupils face in this country. These include traditions that focus on a cultural worldview where regard for betters and seniors is paramount, an accent on rote acquisition, and a focal point on multiple pick inquiries and scrutinies that rely on memory. The event concluded by observing that larning to run within western academic conventions, for international pupils, is kindred to larning a new linguistic communication. the resources linked to from this page have been collated to help academic staff when they suspect an unjust pattern has taken topographic point in a coursework appraisal. The undermentioned resources can be accessed from this page: Unfair Practice – Staff Guidance [ 83.2 Kb ] This note covers the undermentioned countries: definition of unjust pattern, how to forestall unjust pattern in coursework, and the stairss that must be followed when an unjust pattern is suspected. The Unfair Practice Regulations as detailed in the Academic Regulations Handbook. These contain inside informations of the process that must be used. TheTurnitin Plagiarism Detection Service is an on-line tool that can assist place cases of unjust pattern. Information and advice about accessing the service is availablehere. A new individual instance record has been adopted for cases of unjust pattern. Flow charts have besides been developed to assist steer staff through the process. These can be accessed from the resources subdivision. A suite of standard letters has been provided to help staff involved in the application of the new Unfair Practice Procedure. The undermentioned missive templets are available to download from the Resources subdivision of this page:Letter 1: Unfair Practice Co-ordinator ask foring pupil to go to a meetingLetter 2: Unfair Practice Co-ordinator directing pupil the notes of the meetingLetter 3: Chair of Exam Board to student who failed to go to the initial meetingLetter 4: Chair of Exam Board to student where the determination is that unjust pattern has occured, and advising pupil of the punishmentLetter 5: Chair of Exam Board to student where the determination is that no unjust pattern occurred and no farther action will be taken5.0Unfair pattern in a formal scrutiny: initial phases5.1 When it is considered or suspected that a campaigner is prosecuting in unjust pattern, the campaigner shall be informed, sooner in the presence of a informant, that the fortunes will be reported. The cam paigner shall, nevertheless, be allowed to go on the scrutiny and any subsequent scrutiny ( s ) without bias to any determination that may be taken. Failure to give such a warning shall non, nevertheless, prejudice subsequent proceedings. When appropriate, the invigilator shall impound and retain grounds associating to any alleged unfair scrutiny pattern, so that it is available to any subsequent probe. The invigilator shall every bit shortly as possible study the fortunes in authorship, with any grounds retained, to the Superintendent of Examinations, who shall in bend inform the Chair of the relevant Examining Board. In the instance of a trial contributing to the concluding faculty consequence, which is conducted under the auspices of the section, the invigilator shall describe to the Chair of the Examining Board, who in bend shall describe to the Overseer5.2 Suspected unjust pattern detected during or after the marker periodAn internal or external tester or any other individual who, whether during the marking period or later, considers or suspects that a campaigner has engaged in an unjust pattern, shall describe the affair in composing to the Chair of the relevant Examining Board every bit shortly as possible. The Chair shall retain any relevant grounds and shall forthwith study the affair in composing to the Superintendent of Examinations. The Overseer of Examinations shall so take the action prescribed below.5.3Further action to be taken by the Superintendent of ExaminationsOn reception of a study refering an allegation of unjust pattern, the Superintendent of Examinations shall discourse the affair with the Chair of the relevant Examining Board to find whether, in the visible radiation of all the fortunes, a Prima facie instance has been established. If it is decided that no farther action against the campaigner should be taken, the Chair of the relevant Examining Board shall, where appropriate, inform the campaigner in composing that the affair is closed. If satisfied that such a instance exists, the Superintendent shall describe the instance in composing to the Registrar and shall direct to him/her transcripts of any relevant supporting grounds. The process shown shall so run as described. The Registrar shall inform the campaigner in authorship of the allegation, and that a Committee of Inquiry will be constituted to see the instance. The campaigner ‘s attending shall be drawn to the Academic Regulation on Unfair Practice.ContentssDefinition of Unfair Practice|Unfair Practice in a Formal Examination – Initial Stages|All Cases of Unfair Practice in Work Completed Under Non-examinable Conditions|School Level Cases|Appeals against a instance at School level|Cases to be referred to the University ‘s Committee of Enquiry|Unfair pattern in work completed in Taught Master ‘s Dissertations and Research Degree Theses – Initial Stages|Establishment of the University ‘s Committee of Enquiry to cover with instances of Unfair Practice|Functions of the Committee|Procedure during the meeting|Penalties available to the # Committee for unjust pattern in scrutiny conditions|Penalties available to the Committee of Enquiry in instances of Unfair Pract ice in non-examination conditions|Penalties available to the Committee in instances of Unfair Practice in Research grades ( including Part II Taught Masters grades ) |Action to be taken following the Committee of Enquiry|Appeals